TR Group designs, manufactures and markets products in the range of patient hygiene and patient lifts, preventive care, rehabilitation and mobility equipment for the disabled. Working in close partnership with our customers we learn more about their needs and help them provide the highest level of care and safest environment possible.
Quality Statement: TR and its employees are dedicated to deliver products on time with the quality that meets and or exceeds our customer’s expectations. Our products are designed and developed in mind for the needs and requirements for those who use them. We work diligently to monitor, measure and make improvements to provide each generation with unequaled quality and exceptional design.
TR 900
The TR 900 lets you provide better care to more patients with greater ease than ever before. It is a total bathing system with the flexibility to serve your entire patient population. Walking patients step into the bath in its lowered position. The tub is then elevated smoothly and silently with fingertip electronic control. Attendants can work without bending or straining. For sitting and recumbent patients, the TR 900 is design-integrated with the TR 9650 Transport System – fitted with either chair or stretcher. Patients are positioned over the tub and the baths is elevated around them – minimizing patient lifting and increasing their comfort and security. After bathing, the tub can be lowered away from the patient for rinsing and toweling dry. The tub also integrates with ceiling lifts. Extra width at the head end of the reinforced fiberglass tub provides patient comfort and even greater accessibility for bathing and shampooing. An adjustable foot rest and head pillow increase patient comfort even further. Autofill option has a soft touch electronic control panel. This feature allows the tub to be prefilled while patient is being transported and prepared for bath..
TR 1700
Our newest addition, the TR 1700 was specifically designed to optimize your small space without sacrificing function and efficiency. Ideal for nursing homes, hospitals and residential settings who have limited space and require a full function bath. For sitting patients, the TR 1700 is design-integrated with the TR Chair Lift; the system completes a safe and labor efficient, person orientated bath cycle. Also integrates with ceiling lifts. Clearance below the tub allows use of many different types of patient lifts. The bath raises and lowers with a remote hand control to find the ideal working height for the attendant, reducing heavy lifting and bending, fatigue and risk of back injury. Patients are positioned over the tub and the baths is elevated around them – minimizing patient lifting and increasing their comfort and security. After bathing, the tub can be lowered away from the patient for rinsing and toweling dry.
The TR 3000 Shower Trolley
The TR 3000 Shower Trolley is designed to do your job the way you want to - with a higher standard of care, greater efficiency and less stress for both you and the patient. The Trolley’s side mounted main column makes transfers easier and safer since the stretcher overlaps the bed much further than competitive designs. This prevents the trolley from moving away from the bed during transfers to and from the trolley. Side rails lower for easy transfers and they can be raised and locked for secure transport. All major controls - height, tilt, steering and braking - are instantly at hand. The trolley has drains at both ends allowing patients to be transferred from either side of the bed. The tilt position is infinitely variable, with smooth gas springs. The stretcher can be tilted to either Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg positions activated by the control handle located at each end. From its hands free foot operated hi-lo system, to its straight line steering, to its unique easy-clean features, TR 3000 is the trolley designed to work the way you think.
The Aquamax
The Aquamax Silhouette (80” overall length) is a completely unique bathing system which combines the best features of a standard recumbent tub with the comfort and security advantages of a reclining tub. This tub can be pre-filled with the unattended auto-fill function and the patient can be removed from the tub without waiting for it to drain. The Silhouette comes standard with a long list of features as well as the choice of adding additional options in order to meet the specific needs of your patients and caregivers. The Aquamax Silhouette features the industry’s most advanced whirlpool and air spa options combined with the most user-friendly, 100% effective infection control system ever designed. The extra wide design means today’s larger patients can be properly bathed. The Silhouette model has a body contour bottom configuration for integration with mobile sling lift or ceiling lift transfer devices. Manufactured in North America, Aquamax Silhouette tubs are competitively priced and their modular design keeps maintenance costs low. The Aquamax Avanti (80” overall length) and Avanti-X (90” overall length) bathing systems represent the culmination of numerous years of research and innovation in patient bathing. Both models come standard with a long list of features as well as the choice of adding additional options in order to meet the specific needs of your patients and caregivers. Aquamax tubs feature the industry’s most advanced whirlpool and air spa options combined with the most user-friendly, 100% effective infection control system ever designed. The extra wide design means today’s larger patients can be properly bathed even with a bath lift in place. Avanti and Avanti-X models have a flat bottom configuration for integration with the TR Chair Lift or the TR Stretcher Lift. These tubs will also accept the drop in PVC Bath Chair permitting the use of mobile sling lifts or ceiling lifts as the transfer device. Manufactured in North America, Aquamax Avanti tubs are competitively priced and their modular design keeps maintenance costs low.
The Liberti side entry tub
The Liberti side entry tub is a revolutionary bathing system designed for use in both assisted living and skilled nursing facilities. Its long list of features makes the Liberti the safest, most comfortable tub in its class. Industry exclusives include an integrated hair wash basin,a super low sill height of only eight inches and a separate wall-mounted mixing console. The innovative swing open door is extremely easy to clean and disinfect. It includes an internal, maintenance-free sealing system with no troublesome electronic or pneumatic parts. The available JND™ Whirlpool or JND™ Air Massage options provide the ultimate in patient specific comfort and automated infection control.
The Oasis reclining side-entry tub
The Oasis reclining side-entry tub takes patient comfort and caregiver injury protection to the next level. It incorporates all of the advantages of the original reclining bath as well as a long list of innovative enhancements. Healthcare facilities around the world have recognized the benefits of reclining tubs and they have embraced the concept.
The Oasis retains all of these original features:
1) Super low water consumption, saving time and money.
2) The ability to pre-fill the tub at the beginning of the bathing cycle and remove the patient at the end of the cycle without waiting for the water to drain.
3) Optimal patient comfort and security.
4) Ease of patient transfer.
New features include:
A wider design to accommodate larger residents.
A higher vertical lifting range to better protect taller caregivers.
A revolutionary new whirlpool system with auto-disinfect or the state-of-the-art JND™ air massage for maximum cleaning and relaxation.
A remote, wall mounted mixing console and an optional digital weigh scale.
The Oasis tub is manufactured in North America for the very best in quality, performance and value.
HyPerCleanse
The next generation of disinfectant is here; HyPerCleanse high performance disinfectant formulated with patented Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP). AHP is a proven new twist on a tried and true disinfectant - Hydrogen Peroxide. By combining Hydrogen Peroxide with a blend of safe, synergistic compounds, HyPerCleanse performs better in all categories compared to any other disinfectant currently available. In addition to it's superior germicidal properties, HyPerCleanse is also an extremely effective cleaner - a feature not found in any of the traditional disinfectants being used today like quaternary ammonium and chlorine bleach. Not only does HyPerCleanse perform better, it is completely free of VOC's. HyPerCleanse is non-toxic, non-corrosive, and non-irritating making it the safest disinfectant available anywhere. High Quality reasonably priced skin care and infection control products formulated specifically for the healthcare industry.
maxiCleanse™
Disinfectant Cleanser is an efficient quaternary ammonium germicide with a wide spectrum of biological activity against many types of micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses, algae, and fungi. In addition, it has excellent wetting and penetrating powers and kills microorganisms quickly in hard to clean areas.
maxiBathe™
Shampoo & Body Wash w/ Aloe is a specially formulated full-bodied, controlled foaming, mild shampoo and body cleanser. Moisturizers such as Panthenol, Glycerine, and Aloe Vera leave the hair soft, shiny and manageable. Daily use will leave skin soft without drying.
maxiMoisture™
Bath Oil & Skin Conditioner is a therapeutic bathing additive used to moisturize and cleanse the skin. Designed for use in whirlpool bathing systems as well as in standard tubs, showers and for bedside sponge baths.
maxiSound™
Sonic Bath Additive is an effective bath additive specially formulated to enhance the performance, cleaning and moisturizing effects of hydrosonic and vibrosonic baths. This product aids in the elimination of trapped gas bubbles in the water, which absorb and interfere with wave energy.
maxiWash™
Perineal Cleanser is an effective perineal cleaner which requires no rinsing. Specially formulated to control odor and enhanced with moisturizers to prevent drying out of skin.
TR Chair Lift
The TR chair lift makes transfers from bed to tub and back safe and easy. Minimize the number of transfers by lifting directly from bed and transferring immediately to the tub room - the patient stays in the chair the entire time. The chair attachment on this lift can actually be removed and replaced with the stretcher attachment without using any tools. You get the functionality of 2 lifts for the price of one competitive lift. The chair has the ability to lower all the way to the floor for easy floor lifts and the optional digital weigh scale makes patient weighing fast and simple. The TR chair lift is available with either electric or hydraulic operation.
TR Stretcher Lift
The TR stretcher lift makes transfers from bed to tub and back safe and easy. Minimize the number of transfers by lifting directly from bed and transferring immediately to the tub room - the patient stays in the stretcher the entire time. The stretcher attachment on this lift can actually be removed and replaced with the chair attachment without using any tools. You get the functionality of 2 lifts for the price of one competitive lift. The stretcher has easy to remove closed cell padded surfaces for easy cleaning and disinfection. The optional digital weigh scale makes patient weighing fast and simple. The TR stretcher lift is available with either electric or hydraulic operation.
Ultralifts Hydraulic Patient Lifters
The Ultralift 3500X (featured in details)
The Ultralift 3500X is the latest version of the industry's safest, most user-friendly mobile electric patient lifter ever. Manufactured in North America, the 3500X includes a long list of standard features specifically engineered to optimize patient comfort and safety, reducing caregiver injury. The 600 lb. lifting capacity allows for the safe transfer of your heaviest patients. The new power base widening system means the end of arm and shoulder injuries caused by old style manual shifter levers. The extra long boom eliminates patient/lift contact and allows for unobstructed 360 degree patient rotation. Floor lifts can now be accomplished "head first" without lifting the patient's legs over the main base or the base rails of the lift! The signature "super six-point overhead spreader bar system" continues to provide for easy patient positioning while eliminating patient/spreader bar contact. Combined with new repositioning slings, the Ultralift now performs patient rolling and in-bed repositioning at the push of a button.
The Ultralift 1500 (not shown)
The Ultralift 1500 sets the standard for value and performance in high-quality electric patient lifters thanks to its long list of standard features. Unlike other lifts in this price range that are designed primarily for homecare applications, the Ultralift 1500 is specifically engineered for institutional use. The rugged chassis, heavy duty actuator and high capacity batteries deliver an industry leading lifting capacity of 500lbs. Additional features include an extended length boom for easier and safer patient handling, a unique six point spreader bar for optimal safety and comfort plus integrated batteries and charger for maximum convenience. A foot pedal base widening system allows for injury free operation when compared to older style manual levers. This lift can be used for both patient transfers and transporting. The model 1500 ships fully charged, assembled and tested so it’s ready to use the moment it arrives.
The Ultralift 400H (not shown)
The 400H hydraulic patient lift has been designed to provide the utmost in safety, comfort and affordability. Never before has a hydraulic lift offered so many benefits to patients and caregivers alike. The 400H can easily assist with lifting from the floor due to its compact profile. This lift offers excellent maneuverability and the easy foot pedal base opening system allows for chair and commode access. Manufactured for both at home users or nursing homes, the 400H is guaranteed to provide years of dependable service.
Steady Aid
3500X
The Steady-Aid 3500X Electric Sit/Stand Lift is specifically designed to perform super-easy seat-to-seat transfers. It is ideally suited to assisting caregivers in the following tasks; peri-care, toileting, general transfers and rehabilitation of residents who are cognitive and co-operative. The Steady-Aid incorporates a power base widening system for optimal caregiver injury reduction. This feature eliminates arm and shoulder injuries caused by lifts with older style manual shifter levers. Additional features include a removable footplate and knee pad with calf strap, optional integrated digital weigh scale and 4 harness attach points for maximum versatility. An optional upgrade package increases the lifting capacity to an industry leading 450 lbs. An ergonomic control panel with a dual low battery warning system and dual controls means the Steady-Aid is always ready to use.
1500
The Steady-Aid 1500 sets the standard for value and performance in high-quality electric sit/stand lifts thanks to its long list of standard features. Unlike other lifts in this price range that are designed primarily for homecare applications, the Steady-Aid 1500 is specifically engineered for institutional use. An integrated charger and heavy duty battery system allows for anywhere, anytime charging. A foot pedal base widening system allows for injury free operation. Additional features include an adjustable kneepad, remote hand controller and a heavy duty actuator for durability and reliability. The Steady-Aid 1500 can be used for transfers and for transporting. The optional leg support harness allows residents with almost zero weight bearing ability to use the lift. The model 1500 ships fully charged, assembled and tested so it’s ready to use the moment it arrives.
The Titan-X
The Titan-X has quickly become the industry standard in bariatric patient lifters thanks to its long list of standard features.This lift allows for safe transfers of patients weighing up to 1000lbs.The Titan-X is the only high capacity lift available with a super heavy duty electric/hydraulic actuator system. Unlike lifts that employ low cost electric worm gear actuators, the Titan-X is built for long-term institutional use and features true emergency manual lowering.The industry exclusive power base widening system provides maximum caregiver injury protection.The oversize 4-point spreader bar and wide selection of standard and custom slings provide maximum patient comfort.Add the optional integrated digital weigh scale for a comprehensive,user-friendly,bariatric patient transfer and weighing solution.
Stratus
The Stratus electric ceiling lift is designed and built specifically to withstand the rigorous demands of hospitals and nursing homes. This lift is also ideally suited to homecare applications where quality, reliability and performance, rather than price, is the key concern. The Stratus incorporates numerous industry exclusive features including one of the highest lifting capacities available anywhere at 450lbs.The unique 4-point sling attach system with autolevelling side bars creates the safest, most comfortable portable ceiling lift system on the market. The "shoulder width" configuration means that even large patients can be accommodated without the usual pinch points or forehead/motor contact associated with traditional portable lifts. An all metal drive train, extra wide lifting strap and numerous other safety features makes the Stratus the lift of choice for progressive healthcare facilities across North America.
Pinnacle
The new Pinnacle sHigh Capacity Electric Ceiling Lift raises the bar for ceiling lift standards. The Pinnacle III features an industry leading lifting capacity of up to 1000 lbs. to allow for the safe transfer of even the heaviest patients including the ever increasing bariatric population. Heavy-duty lifting and traverse motors with all metal drive trains ensure long term reliability and safety. The high capacity batteries allow for more lifts per charge than regular ceiling lifts. An extra wide, extra long lifting strap provides for maximum safety and convenience; floor lifts can easily be accomplished in rooms with high ceilings. Our signature six point spreader bar provides for optimal patient comfort when compared to standard 2-point spreader bars and makes positioning in chairs super easy. A long list of integrated safety features protects both caregiver and patient. The Pinnacle’s superior selection of available sling and track configurations make it the most user-friendly, versatile ceiling lift available anywhere.
Electric and Bariatric supine lifts
The new electric supine lift provides acute care facilities with the ability to easily transfer regular and bariatric patients in a supine position. This lift is perfect for use in virtually any department including ER, OR, Medical Imaging, Cath Lab, Burn Unit, OB and patient room areas. The unique folding top frame and detachable transfer sheet means patients never needs to be manually lifted and the entire transfer process can be performed by a single attendant. The supine lift completely eliminates the need to perform lateral transfers, excessive log rolling and manual in-bed repositioning; this lift is the key to creating a true zero lift environment since the patient is able to stay on the same transfer sheet at all times - hospital wide. Implementing the electric supine lift in your facility also eliminates the need for cumbersome equipment like slide sheets, slide boards and hover mats. Incidents of patient trauma and skin tears associated with manual transfers will disappear and caregiver injury due to patient handling and repositioning can be reduced to zero in most cases. This lift features an electric actuator system that allows for patient raising and lowering at the push of a button. The optional integrated digital weigh scale allows for accurate patient weighing to be accomplished as part of the transfer process. A unique mesh transfer sheet also allows for patient showering.
Skyhook
The Skyhook electric swivel lift was designed specifically to perform safe and easy patient transfers without the cost and installation challenges sometimes associated with overhead ceiling lifts. Patient raising and lowering is performed by the electric motor at the push of a button and side to side movements are accomplished by simply pivoting the Skyhook frame in it’s super-low friction mounting brackets. The Skyhook employs the Stratus Portable ceiling lift motor which can be quickly detached from the Skyhook frame allowing multiple frames in different rooms to share one lift motor.
Standard ceiling mounted tracks can also be installed in different areas of the building to accommodate the Stratus motor. The motor can then easily be shared between multiple ceiling tracks and Skyhook frames. The Skyhook frame is ideal for use in confined areas since it requires almost no floor space. The Skyhook is perfect for both institutional and home care applications and can in many cases be operated by a single attendant. Significantly increase patient comfort and drastically decrease caregiver injuries by installing the new Skyhook wherever patient transfers occur.
Slings
Walking Sling
Allows the Ultralift patient lifter to be used as a rehabilitation device for standing and walking. The Walking Sling features a sheepskin covering for added comfort and locking buckles to ensure a safe environment for both patient and caregiver. Available in one standard size as well as custom sizes.
Hygiene Sling
Specifically designed for toileting and peri-care, the Hygiene sling allows for un-obstructed access to the perineal area. In many cases the patients pants can be lowered and then raised while in the sling. The Hygiene sling features padded legs and back as well as a snap together chest belt for added safety. Available in solid fabric and two sizes. Custom sizes also available.
Combi Sling
Our most popular sling, the Combi is very versatile and extremely comfortable. It features a built-in head support and padded legs that are divided to allow for easy application and removal. Available in standard solid fabric or mesh for bathing, the Combi is suitable for bed, chair, floor and tub transfers. Sizes range from pediatric to triple oversize. All models are color coded by size. Custom sizes also available.
Long Seat Sling
Designed for single and double leg amputees as well as for patients that prefer a non-divided leg sling, the Long Seat sling is available with or without commode opening in either solid fabric or mesh. Sizes available include regular and oversize. Models color coded by size. Custom sizes also available.
Repositioning Slings
In bed repositioning at the push of a button! Combine these slings with any mobile or ceiling lift for super easy in-bed repositioning with no manual lifting. Rolling patients onto their side is also effortless and can be accomplished by a single care giver. Repositioning slings are available in 2 sizes and are ideal for bed changing, pressure relief, wound care and patient cleaning.
TR offers a patented dynamic gait trainer allowing constant Body Weight Support (BWS), one of the most advanced rehabilitation devices available anywhere. Ideal for patients with intensive needs like stroke and spinal cord injury victims who are unable to support their own weight or have weak upper body strength. For less intensive patient needs the Zero Gravity gait trainer is designed to provide therapists with a safe and secure method of conducting Partial Weight Bearing (PWB) exercises.
TR Spacetrainer walking system
There is an ever increasing need to treat individuals with difficulties in walking due to sickness or accident. Until now, there has not been a suitable aid to allow walking exercise for these patients. International research findings in Canada, Germany and the USA has proved that walking training with reduced body weight has produced good results. Based on these studies, TR Equipment has developed the TR Spacetrainer walking system.
Functionality
The patient is positioned in a sling that is connected through a quick coupling to the walking trainer system. The adjustable reduction in body weight is applied as a percentage of the patients total body weight. This unique system permits vertical body movements of up to 12 centimetres without altering the weight reduction. During training, the patient is allowed free movement vertically within this range. Outside this preset range of reduced body weight, the patient is always totally supported. This is an extra safety measure in the event the patient should fall. In many cases the patient can exercise alone with this equipment. However it is important that the physical therapist be close to hand to regulate the patients training program for maximum result. TR Spacetrainer is well designed and engineered for simple use by the staff as well as the patient.
Practicality
The TR Spacetrainer can be used for rehabilitation of patients with walking impairments caused by:
• Stroke
• Spinal injuries
• Orthopedic surgeries
The TR Spacetrainer is also an excellent training device for all types of patients, who require leg training with reduced weight due to illness or leg injuries.
Ergonomics
Physical therapists and aids are often physically challenged and open to injury themselves when working with heavy patients and those with walking difficulties. The TR Spacetrainer will effectively eliminate heavy patient lifting. By providing a safer working environment, the attendant or physical therapist can avoid injuries and has more time for the patient treatments. This can also lead to job satisfaction.
The Zero-Gravity gait trainer
The Zero-Gravity gait trainer is designed to provide therapists with a safe and secure method of conducting Partial Weight Bearing exercises. Clinical studies continue to show the positive impact the PWB protocol can have with a wide range of disabled patients. Available in three models, the Zero-Gravity gait trainer is suitable for patients of all ages and sizes including children. The comfortable color-coded harness system gives the patient security in that they are safe from falling, allowing for total concentration on the therapy. The Zero-Gravity gait trainer is designed to fit over most treadmills or may be used independently by the patient on the floor. The caregiver operates the hand control to adjust the supported weight level and can focus on the patient and not the apparatus. This gait trainer also has a higher safe lifting capacity than other PWB devices. For precise weight bearing levels an optional digital scale system may be attached. Durable and manufactured to the highest quality standards the Zero-Gravity gait trainer is a very affordable and versatile tool for ambulatory training.
TR recognizes the need to improve the quality of life of the elderly and physically challenged. Our products are designed to enhance mobility and independence. Our products give you the freedom to stay on the go and resume your daily lifestyle.
Volaris Walker
The Volaris, the latest innovation in rollators. The Volaris gives you the freedom to stay on the go and do the things you’ve always enjoyed doing. On a shopping trip, family outing, or a pleasant walk, the Volaris helps you put your best foot forward with greater ease, comfort and convenience. It’s unique design features smooth rolling wheels on a stable, light weight frame – combining solid support with ease of movement. You get around with greater confidence and less fatigue. Non skid handles provide a comfortable, secure grip. The adjustable brake levers give you total, instinctive control with an effortless squeeze of your hand. With the Volaris as your companion, every excursion can become more enjoyable. When you want to rest, just set the brake and use the comfortable seat. Or use the carrier and optional basket to transport your personal items, groceries and packages with ease. The Volaris innovative design lets you go where you want to, do what you want to, with greater independence than ever before. For maximum comfort, you can tailor the Volaris to your exact needs with a full range of size adjustment. The X-design makes it very easy to fold the entire unit to store in a closet or carry in a trunk. Folded the Volaris takes up very little space and is easy to transport.
Adam Walker
The Adam Walker is a functional assistive device designed to provide a higher standard of care with greater efficiency and less stress for both you and the patient. Suitable in many settings, the Adam Walker is used to assist the post-op patients to walk at an early stage in their recovery when appropriate, in gait training and ambulation exercise or for any patient who would benefit from walking but needs additional support. The walker's sculpted adjustable padded armrests meet the challenge to provide comfort and support for the patient and versatility in positioning for the clinician. The walker features contoured handgrips, a clean and hygienic powder coated finish, height adjustment for individual fit and swivel casters with rear locking brakes for maneuverability. The Adam Walker comes in three models, manual adjustment, gas spring assist and rechargeable battery. The gas spring and battery powered models can help the patient easily rise from a sitting to a standing position. Optional IV pole, oxygen bottle holder and basket are available.
TR features a broad range of rehabilitation equipment for positioning, exercise, supported walking and sequence training. TR strives to meet the growing needs of the market with unequaled quality and exceptional design.
Norsk
The Original Norsk Sequence Training System was developed in the early 1970s by Norwegian physical therapists. Since its inception many have tried to imitate the Norsk Sequence Training equipment, but none have equaled its superior quality and innovative design.. The Norsk Sequence Training System has been designed to accommodate varied users, from physical therapists in rehabilitation centers, schools, offices, gyms to professional athletes focused on function and durability. This popular training equipment is constantly being refined and improved to meet the market demands. Our goal is to provide each generation with unequaled quality and exceptional design.
SkiMaster
Have fun and get in shape with the TR SkiMaster for a winning fitness or rehab program. The TR SkiMaster provides excellent non-impact aerobic exercise involving upper and lower body. The TR SkiMaster improves core strength, stability, endurance, balance and coordination.
TR Classic Tilt Table
The TR Classic Tilt is battery operated for a smooth and silent operation. It effortlessly tilts from horizontal to a 90 degree upright position. The TR Classic Tilt Table is designed to make testing, rehabilitation, positioning and transferring patients easier and safer. The TR Classic Tilt Table is a logical choice for patients who have paralysis, are bedridden or wheelchair bound who would benefit from passive standing from improving circulation to reduction of lower extremity edema. The TR Classic Tilt Table can be used in the home to assist the caregiver with transfer and treatment needs. A hand control is provided for convenient tilt and adjustment with tilt indicator for precise monitoring of positioning. The wide footplate, adjustable and lockable in (3) positions, meets the varied needs of the patient population. The table comes standard with a back-up battery for emergency lowering in case of power failure. Wire storage basket is removable for cleaning ease. The TR Classic Tilt Table easily maneuvers on four 5” locking casters with straight steering. Wheel fenders protect the lying surface when transporting through narrow doorways.